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Astonishingly Easy Steps to Create Amazing SVG Animations with Blender Freestyle

Blender Freestyle Svg Animation

Update December 2015: At the time of this update, SMIL seems to be kinda dying. Sarah Drasner has a guide on how you can replace some of it’s features.

The following is a guest post by Sara Soueidan. Sara has a knack for digging deep into web features and explaining the heck out of them for the rest of us. Here she digs into SMIL (and friends), and animation syntax built right into SVG, and gives us this epic guide.

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SVG graphics can be animated using animation elements. The animation elements were initially defined in the SMIL Animation specification; these elements include:

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In addition to the animation elements defined in the SMIL spec, SVG includes extensions compatible with the SMIL animations spec; these extensions include attributes that extend the functionality of the element and additional animation elements. The SVG extensions include:

SVG animations can be similar to CSS animations and transitions via by their nature. Keyframes are created, things move, colors change, etc. However, they can do somethings that CSS animations can’t do, which we’ll cover.

SVGs can be styled and animated with CSS (slides). Basically, any transformation or transition animation that can be applied to an HTML element can also be applied to an SVG element. But there are some SVG properties that cannot be animated through CSS that can through SVG. An SVG path, for example, comes with a set of data (a

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Attribute) that defines that path’s shape. This data can be modified and animated through SMIL, but not CSS. This is because SVG elements are described by a set of attributes known as SVG

So, many animations and effects can simply not be achieved using CSS at this time. The CSS SVG animation gaps can be filled by using either JavaScript or the declarative SVG animations derived from SMIL.

If you prefer using JavaScript, I recommend using snap.svg by Dmitry Baranovsky, which is described as being “the jQuery of SVG”. Here’s a collection of examples of that.

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Or if you prefer a more declarative animation approach, you can use the SVG animation elements as we’ll cover in this guide!

In CSS. SMIL animations do work in both cases (or should, browser support pending). That’s a big advantage, in my opinion. You may find yourself choosing SMIL over other options because of that. This article is a guide to help you get started using SMIL today.

Browser support for SMIL animations is pretty decent. They work in all browsers except in Internet Explorer and Opera Mini. For a thorough overview of browser support, you can refer to the compatibility table on Can I Use.

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If you need to provide a fallback for SMIL animations, you can test for browser support on-the-fly using Modernizr. If SMIL is not supported, you can then provide some kind of fallback (JavaScript animations, an alternate experience, etc).

No matter which of the four animation elements you choose, you need to specify the target of the animation defined by that element.

Attribute. The attribute takes a URI reference to the element which is the target of this animation and which therefore will be modified over time. The target element must be part of the current SVG document fragment.

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If you’ve come across SVG animation elements before, you’ve probably seen them nested inside the element that they’re supposed to animate. This is possible as well as per the spec:

If the xlink:href attribute is not provided, then the target element will be the immediate parent element of the current animation element.

So if you want to “encapsulate” the animation into the element it applies to, you can do that. And if you want to keep the animations separate somewhere else in the document, you can do that too, and specify the target of each animation using

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For example, if you want to animate the position of the center of a on the x-axis, you do that by specifying

Takes only one value, not a list of values, so, you can only animate one attribute at a time. If you want to animate more than one attribute, you need to define more than one animation for the element. This is something that I wish were different, and that I think CSS has an advantage over SMIL for. But then again, because of the values possible for other animation attributes (which we’ll cover next), it only makes sense to define only one attribute name at a time, otherwise the other attribute values can become too complex to work with.

When you specify the attribute name, you can add an XMLNS (short for XML namespace) prefix to indicate the namespace of the attribute. The namespace can also be specified using the

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Attribute. For example, some attributes are part of the CSS namespace (which means that the attribute can be found as a CSS property as well) and others are XML-only. A table showing these attributes can be found here. The attributes in the table are not all of the SVG attributes. They are only the ones that can be set using CSS. Some of them are already available as CSS properties.

, the browser must first search through the list of CSS properties for a matching property name, and if none is found, search the default XML namespace for the element.

We’ll go over the other animation attributes in the upcoming examples below. Except where otherwise noted, all of the animation attributes are common to all of the animation elements.

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Animating an element’s attribute from one value to another over a duration of time, and specifying the end state: from, by, to, dur and fill

Let’s start by moving a circle from one position to another. We’re going to do that by changing the value of its

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We’re going to use the element to do that. This element is used to animate one attribute at a time. Attributes that take numerical values and colors are usually animated with . For a list of attributes that can be animated, refer to this table.

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In the above example, we’ve defined a circle, and then called an animation on that circle. The center of the circle moves from the initial position at 50 units, to 450 units along the x-axis.

. This means that the circle will move when it is clicked. You can set this value to a time value as well. For example,

Will start the animation as soon as the page is loaded. You can delay an animation by setting a positive time value. For example,

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To start an animation one second after the element is clicked! What’s more, you can use other values that allow you to sync animations without having calculate the duration and delays of other animations. More about this later.

Property, which specifies whether or not the element should return to its initial state after the animation is over. The values in SVG are similar to those in CSS, except use different names:

Attribute is used to specify a relative offset for the animation. As the name suggests, you can use it to specify the amount

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Is almost only visible when you’re progressing over the animation duration in discrete steps, similar to the way it works with the CSS

Animated

The color of the circle, such that the change in color happens at the end of the moving animation. We can do that by setting the

. This value is called an “event value”, and is in this case made up of an event reference followed by a “clock value”. The interesting part here is the naming of the second part: the “clock value”. Why is it not simply a “time value”? Well the answer is that you can literally use a clock value like “10min” or “01:33” which is equivalent to “1 minute and 33 seconds”, or even “02:30:03” (two hours, 30 minutes, and 3 seconds). At the time of this writing, clock values are

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Another kind of value it can accept is the ID of another animation followed by an event reference. If you have two (or more) animations (whether they are applied to the same element or not!) and you want to synchronize them so that one of them starts relative to the other, you can do that without having to know the duration of the other animation.

For example, in the next demo, the blue rectangle starts moving 1 second after the circle animation starts. This is done by giving each animation an

Is the part that tells the browser to start the rectangle’s animation 1 second after the beginning of the circle’s. You can check the live demo out:

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Keyword to have it repeat endlessly. So, if we were to repeat the circle’s animation for two times, the code would look like so:

Value instead of the value it reached at the end of the animation. Unfortunately, SMIL does not include a way to go back and forth between the start and end values like CSS animations allow us to do. In CSS, the

Value means that the animation cycle iterations that are odd counts are played in the normal direction, and the animation cycle iterations that are even counts are played in a reverse direction. This means

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