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Web animations are a delight, improving the user experience by providing visual feedback, guiding users through tasks, and jazzing up websites overall. There are several ways to create web animations, including using JavaScript libraries, GIFs, embedded videos, and CSS.

In comparison to bulky gifs and videos, animations added to websites using SVGs and CSS have a faster load time. You can also make simple animations without having to add another JavaScript library to your website’s page load.

In this article, we’ll learn how to create lightweight, scalable animations using SVGs with CSS. Although we’ll use Sass for the demos, CSS will also work. Let’s get started!

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Animated SVGs are great for icons that indicate micro-interactions and state changes. They are also helpful when guiding a user to the next action, like in an onboarding tour. Common use cases include loading, uploading, menu toggling, and playing and pausing a video.

Illustrations are another common use case. They can be included in a product as a blank state, demonstrating what to do to generate data on a dashboard. Other popular use cases include animated emojis and stickers. There are also animated spot illustrations, which help to brighten up landing pages.

Since it’s easier to start out with simplified SVG code, the first part of animating SVGs is preparing them. You can do so by following the steps below:

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When an SVG is created, it often has some extra, unnecessary code, so it’s important to optimize it. You can use a tool like SVGOMG that reduces the file size and removes any unnecessary tags and metadata.

It seems counter-intuitive, but shapes listed last will be pasted over the aforementioned shapes. If we want a shape to appear in the background, we must ensure that it is listed at the top of the SVG code. SVG shapes are painted in order from top to bottom.

SVGs have presentation attributes that are similar to CSS styles but are set directly on the SVG. A common example is a

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Color. Since these styles are set on the SVG, you may assume that they hold a lot of weight by the browser. As it turns out, any CSS or Sass we set externally will naturally override the SVG styling without a need for an

However, be mindful of what is set on the SVG so you can prepare for what’s shown during page load. For example, a slow-loading page will display a flash of the SVG before the CSS styles get applied. I recommend you leave in the width and height to avoid this; Sara Soueidan does a good job of explaining flash of unstyled SVGs in her post on the subject.

There are a few considerations when it comes to applying CSS to an SVG. One limitation is that we can’t use an external stylesheet to apply styling to an externally linked SVG.

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Embedding the SVG code inline in the HTML makes the SVG element and its contents part of the document’s DOM tree, so they’re affected by the document’s CSS. This method is my favorite because it keeps the styles separate from the markup.

In reviewing the other options below, we’ll see they’re all entwined. If you’re using Rails, there are some gems that can automatically embed SVGs into views. So, in your code, you can simply reference the external SVG, then it’ll get embedded when compiled. An added benefit of this method is that inlining the SVG means there’s one less HTTP request, improving performance:

If you’d like to keep the styling referenced in the SVG, but not actually include it within the SVG, you can use the

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You can animate lots of things with CSS. For one, you can animate CSS properties with values that can change over time using CSS animations or CSS transitions. For a full list of these properties, check out the MDN Web Doc for a list of animatable CSS Properties. To spark some inspiration, let’s review a few demos.

The first SVG animation we’ll create is a rotating loader, like the ones we usually see on the loading screens of applications. We start by setting up the SVG, which is a ring with a darkened quadrant.

Wanting something smoother? SVGs support gradients, so you can achieve a smoother effect using the same Sass but with an SVG that has a gradient applied to the ring, see it defined as

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The SVG consists of three equally sized rectangles spaced apart evenly. IDs have been added per element,  for the SVG and all three

The Sass applies the animation to each bar. The keyframes tell the bars to change scale along the Y axis in four places in the timeline : on onset, a quarter of the way in, halfway, and then three-quarters of the way in.

The first number in the animation denotes the animation length, while the second one sets the delay. Since I want these bars to morph in size at different times, I’ve added different delays for each:

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Tells the transform to scale from the center of the bar; otherwise, it would scale from the top down and appear as if the bars are drilling into the ground. Test it out, and you’ll see what I mean.

Point, in the top-left corner. This is a key difference if you’re used to working with HTML elements, whose default transform-origin is always at

We can add a line-drawing effect to make the SVG appear as if it’s being drawn. Since it relies on strokes, it requires an SVG with lines. I’ll walk you through how it’s done for a single line, and then you’ll know how to do the rest.

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To reposition the dash along the line. Make it as long as the line itself so it looks like a solid line. This is how the final frame of the animation will look:

That tells the animation to stay in its final end state once played. Without it, the animation would then return to its first frame as its final resting spot:

Let’s use Animista’s heartbeat animation to demonstrate animating an illustration to have a pulse effect. Animista is a great resource for premade CSS animation effects that you can reuse and iterate on.

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For this beating heart, a few animations are triggered on hover. There’s a 110 percent scale change on the heart, and the eyes get smaller, the mouth gets bigger, blush appears, and the heart pulses:

The core of the animation takes place on hover. When a user hovers, we alter the positions of the rectangles and rotate the

The final demo is a wavy text animation where each letter in the world will go up and down to look like the motion of a wave. We could also call this animation a bouncy text animation.

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. Later, we’ll make it pop up as part of the wave motion. To complete the effect, we define an animation called

While we can animate SVGs with CSS, there are other tools we can use to handle and create animations. SVG animations can get a little complicated, but the following tools make it extremely simple for us to animate SVGs.

Now that you know a few different ways to animate SVGs with CSS, I hope you’re inspired to create your own animations for the web! It’s fun to bring static SVGs to life with just a few lines of CSS.

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Once you get the hang of a few tricks, it’ll be easier to tackle the more complicated animations. There are endless amounts of inspiration online and on sites like CodePen. Happy animating!

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LogRocket is like a DVR for web and mobile apps, recording everything that happens in your web app or site. Instead of guessing why problems happen, you can aggregate and report on key frontend performance metrics, replay user sessions along with application state, log network requests, and automatically surface all errors.This will be a tutorial in creating a simple SVG animation, with pure HTML and CSS (and an SVG editing tool, if needed). The methods to create these animations are abstract enough to be implemented within many, if not all, web & Javascript frameworks.

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Before I begin, I should mention that SVG animations can be made within JS framework packages as well as external software. Many of them work great, if you want to check out some of the available tools, check these links here & here.

This tutorial is an alternative to abstract the creation of animations and also offer a more customizable animation when these packages become limiting, and in some cases, to avoid a paywall. I’ll be creating the SVG animation below:

One of the main issues I found when working with JS packages, was that a majority of the animation were based off line strokes. It would create a great animation, but would only animate the outside shape of the SVG, similar to a drawing:

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However I wanted to animate specific parts of an SVG, and smoothly loop it.